Echoes and Adaptations: The Qur’an and the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus from the Gospel of Luke with similar themes found in the Qur'an, highlighting the complex interplay of religious narratives across cultures during Late Antiquity. By focusing on the Qur'anic depiction of impassable barriers in specific passages (Q al-Aʿrāf 7:41–53, al-Muʾminūn 23:99–115, al-Ḥadīd 57:10–24), the study explores a sophisticated reception and re-interpretation of Christian motifs within the Islamic tradition. Through examining barriers described in the Qur'an—such as aʿrāf, sūr, and barzakh—the research identifies thematic parallels with the Gospel's portrayal of an insurmountable divide between the blessed and the damned, while also uncovering unique narrative elements that distinguish the Qur'anic approach. Scholars like Geoffrey Parrinder (1965) and Emran El-Badawi (2014) have previously noted stylistic and thematic correspondences between these texts, suggesting an intricate interaction that goes beyond mere replication of parables. Tommaso Tesei (2016) and George Archer (2017) have also demonstrated how the Qur’an adopts motifs from extra-biblical traditions that were circulating during Late Antiquity, especially concerning the impassable barriers. Despite the absence of a direct mention of the parable in the Qur'an, the presence of analogous themes suggests a nuanced engagement with pre-Islamic traditions resonating with the Qur'an's audience. Analysis of Qur'an 7 (Surah al-Aʿrāf) highlights its awareness of some Gospel narratives, notably the metaphor of the camel passing through the eye of the needle. The diversity in the Qur'anic terms for barriers suggests an engagement with multiple traditions or nuanced interpretations not immediately evident. This examination sheds light on the potential for the Qur'an to offer insights into the reception of Gospel narratives by different communities, indicating the broader influence of these traditions beyond Christianity. There is a likelihood that the motifs used in the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus were either part of a wider pre-Gospel tradition that continued to circulate well into Late Antiquity, when the Qur’an adopted these motifs, or that the Parable gave birth to new traditions that adopted its motifs and evolved by the time of Late Antiquity. By examining the intertextual dynamics between the Qur'an and the Gospel of Luke, the paper illuminates the nuanced ways in which religious texts are in dialogue with each other, influencing and being influenced by the diverse traditions within which they are embedded.