From the time of its revelation, the Qur’ān has played a central role in Islamicate history and thought. While traditionally examined as a religious text, the Qur’ān served a variety of social and political functions in Islamicate society, particularly in the early period. These functions are no more apparent than in the Qur’ān’s appropriation by a multitude of rebellions from the 7th-9th centuries CE. This paper will interrogate the Qur’ān as an essential socio-political tool for rebellion and counter-rebellion in the early Islamicate world. It will begin with a brief overview of rebellion theory, arguing for an expansive definition of rebellion rooted in Robert K. Merton’s deviance typology. The paper will then turn to four case-studies of the Qur’ān’s role in early Islamicate rebellions, organized chronologically: the Prophet Muhammad’s rebellion against Mecca, the Battle of Ṣiffīn, the Abbasid revolution, and, finally, the miḥnah. The first case-study, the Prophet Muhammad’s rebellion against Mecca, will examine the very process of revelation as a rebellious act and the evolution of the Qur’ān’s apocalyptic message as corresponding to the evolving socio-political needs of the expanding rebellion. The second case-study, the Battle of Ṣiffīn, will approach the Qur’ān as an object, as opposed to a text, and examine the physical act of impaling the Qur’ān on a spear during the arbitration process as a tool for quelling violent rebellion. The third case-study, the Abbasid revolution, will consider how the Qur’ān’s nascent interpretative tradition was mobilized as a tool for the legitimation of rebellion by non-Arab revolutionaries. Finally, the fourth case-study, the miḥnah, will argue that the Qur’ān was employed by the Abbasid political establishment as a counter-rebellion tactic against the rising socio-political authority of the ‘ulamā’. The primary aim of this paper is to contribute to the expansion of the study of the Qur’ān in the early Islamicate period beyond its current focus on the Qur’ān as literature or as a source for the religious history of the nascent Muslim community to include a consideration of its myriad social and political functions in the evolving early Islamicate world.