Remembrance of God, Prayer, and Constancy as Ways of Fighting Demons Between the Qur’an and Late Antique Ascetic Writings

Following in the footsteps of scholars such as Tor Andrae or Sidney Griffith, this paper will explore how late antique Christian asceticism can help us better understand the Qur’an and the beginnings of Islam. I will focus on three ascetic concepts that pervade both the vast corpus of late antique Christian ascetic texts and the Qur’an. These are remembrance of God, prayer, and constancy. I will examine the ways in which dozens of Qur’anic verses engage with this fundamental set of practices and beliefs, how they reshape them, and what these processes might tell us about the early community of Muhammad’s Believers and the history of the Qur’an. Showing that these three ascetic concepts are consistently invoked as ways of fighting demons in late antique Christian literature, I will then argue that even though the Qur’an never explicitly instructs its audience about how to ward off demons, in many instances it does hint to a set of tools that it shares with Christian ascetics. In carrying out this study, I will mainly analyze late antique Christian texts ranging from the Greek Apophtegmata Patrum to Syriac writings by authors such as Jacob of Serugh, Isaac of Nineveh or Dadisho Qatraya, and I will look at individual Qur’anic verses as well as take a whole surah as a case study, suggesting that it instructs the believer to exercise constancy and to pray to defeat Satan.