A Brief Rumor Narrative in Surat-al-Nur and Related Biblical Passages

In Surat-al-Nur (Q 24), the Qur’an requires four witnesses to establish guilt in the case of adultery. A brief narrative follows that illustrates the consequences of ignoring this requirement. A slander has spread throughout the community, although no witnesses were called. Ancient commentaries associate this ‘damaging rumor story’ in Surat-al-Nur with a larger narrative in which some individuals accuse Ayesha, the Prophet’s favored wife, of immodest behavior. If one links this Ayesha backstory to Surat-al-Nur, the larger narrative resembles an account in Numbers 12:1 in the Hebrew Bible, where Miriam and Aaron complain against Moses’ new wife. In both the Bible and the Qur’an, a charismatic leader weds a younger woman and receives criticism as a result. The Qur’an requires four witnesses. The Bible is considerably more lenient. In Numbers 5, the notorious ‘Sotah’ passage, the jealous husband required no witnesses at all. Accusations of immorality are fraught in ancient and modern societies, reflecting deeply held attitudes towards gender. I plan to address these two avenues of comparison, the Ayesha story compared to the account of Moses second marriage, and how the Hebrew Bible and the Qur’an resolve accusations of adultery and rumormongering.